The Relevant & Major International Instruments relating
to Human Rights:- In addition to all the aforesaid, many International
Instruments relating to Human Rights have been adopted by the United Nations
but the expiations or elaborations of all the same is not possible &
convenient over here therefore an overview concisely of the relevant & major
International Instruments relating to human rights are being mentioned
hereinafter which are as under:-
A.
The
First Optional Protocol to the
International Covenant relating to the Civil and Political Rights, 1966:- This optional protocol has been brought in to the
enforcement on 23 March, 1976 which was adopted by the
U.N. General Assembly’s resolution 2200 A (21) dated on 16.12.1966 which are having contained 14 articles. This optional protocol has been made for
furtherance of achievement (s) of purposes & implementation appropriately
of the International Covenant relating to the Civil and Political Rights, 1966
for enabling the ‘Human Rights Committee’ as contained in the Part- 04 of the
Covenant to receive & consider the communications from individuals as a victim (s) of violation (s) of the
rights as mentioned in the Covenants.[1] Hence it is related to the
enforcement system namely ‘Human Rights Committee’ of the human rights of its
Covenant by individual (s) communication (s) system for the protection,
promotion & preservation of the human rights.
B. The Second Optional
Protocol with respect to the Civil and Political Rights:- this protocol has been adopted & declared by the
U.N. General Assembly’s resolution 44/128 dated on 15.12.1989 & was came into force on 11.07.1991
which has11 articles in respect
of the abolition of the death penalty for the enhancement of the human dignity
& progressive development of human rights and to enjoy the right to life.
Therefore it has been enforced.[2]
C. The aforesaid International Instruments with regard to the
prevention of discrimination:-
1. The
Convention relating to discrimination, employment & occupation, 1958 (which
was come into force on 15 June, 1960)
2. The Convention against the discrimination in
education, 1960 (which was brought in to enforcement on 22 May, 1962)
3. The
Convention in respect of equal
remuneration, 1951 (which was come in to enforcement on 23 May, 1953)
D.
Regarding
Genocide:-
1. The
prevention & punishment of the crime of Genocide, 1948 (which was enforced
on 12 January, 1951)
E.
Regarding
Slavery, Forced Labour:-
1. The
slavery convention, 1926 (which was enforced on 07 July, 1955)
2. The
supplementary convention on abolition of slavery, 1956 (which was enforced on
30 April, 1957)
3. The
convention in respect of abolition of forced labour (which was enforced on 17
January, 1959)
4. The
convention with respect to the suppression of the traffic in persons and of the
exploitation of the prostitution of others, 1950 (which was come in to force on
25 July, 1951)
5. The
convention with regard to the suppression of the traffic in women and children,
1921 & amended in 1947 by a protocol.
F.
Relating
to Nationality, Statelessness and Refugees:-
1. The
convention in relation to the nationality of married women, 1957 (with effected
from 11 August, 1957)
2. The
convention in connection with the reduction of Statelessness, 1961 (with
effected from 13 December, 1975)
3. The
convention with respect of the status of refugees, 1951 (with effected
from 12 April, 1954)
4. The
protocol in connection with the status of refugees, 1966 (with effected
from 04 October, 1967)
5.
The statute in respect of the United
Nations High Commissioner for refugees,
1950
G. Regarding Freedom of Association:-
1. The
convention in connection with the international right of correction, 1962 (with
effected from 12 August, 1962)
2. The
convention relating to the freedom of association and protection of the right to organize, 1948
(I.L.O.) (with effected from 04 July,
1950)
3. The
convention in relation to the right to organize & collective bargaining,
1949 (I.L.O.) (with effected from 18
July, 1951)
H. Regarding Employment Policy:-
1. The
convention in respect of concerning
employment policy, 1964 (I.L.O.) (with effected from 19 May, 1966)
I.
Regarding
Political Rights of Women:-
1. The
convention on the Political rights of women, 1952 (with effected from 07 July, 1954)
J.
Regarding
Marriage, Family, Children & Youth:-
1. 1.The
convention with regard to the consent for marriage, minimum age for marriage
& registration of marriage, 1962 (with effected from 09 December, 1964)
K. Regarding Apartheid:-
1. The
International convention relating to the suppression of the crime of apartheid,
1973 (with effected from 18 July, 1976)
L.
Regarding
Racial Discrimination:-
1. The
International convention in connection with the elimination of all forms of
racial discrimination, 1965 (with effected from
04 January, 1969)
M. Regarding Torture:-
1. The
convention against torture & other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of
punishment, 1984 (with effected from 26
June, 1987)
N.
Regarding
the Rights of Child or Children:-
1. The
convention with respect to the rights of the child, 1989 (with effected
from 02 September, 1990)
2. The
declaration on the rights of child, 1924
O. Regarding Migrant Workers:-
1. The
convention in respect of the protection of the rights of migrant workers and
members of their families, 1990 (with effected from 18 December, 1990)
P.
Regarding
the Persons with Disabilities:-
1. The
convention with regard to the rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006 (with
effected from 03 May, 2008)
Q. Miscellaneous:-
1. The
Universal copyright convention, 1952 (with effected from 16 December, 1953)
2. The
Hague convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed
conflict, 1954 (with effected from 07
August, 1956)
3. The
convention in respect of the means of prohibition and prevention of the illicit
import, export and the transfer of ownership of cultural property, 1970 (with
effected from 24 April, 1972)
4. The
convention relating to the protection of the world cultural and national
heritage, 1972
5. The
International convention in respect of the protection of all persons from
enforced disappearance, 2007
6. The
declaration in relation to the promotion among youth of the ideals of peace,
mutual respect & understanding
between people, 1965
7. The
elimination of discrimination against women, 1967
8. The
elimination of violence against women, 1993
9. The
declaration on social & legal principles with regard to the protection
& welfare of children in special reference to the foster placement and
adoption nationally and Internationally 1986
10.
The declaration on the principles of
international cultural cooperation, 1966
11.
The declaration in respect of the rights to
development 1986
12.
The Vienna Declaration relating to human
rights 1993[3]
R.
Others
& etc.
In
this connection, many international instruments are available but the
explanation over here of all is not possible therefore the list of the same
briefly has been contained hereinbefore which reveal that the United Nations
& its organs are functioning good in relation to the human rights but the
same also is not free from the all justified exceptions and criticisms in
according to time, circumstances, necessities and other connected things for
welfare and interest of people and their personal liberty, living creatures and
creation.
[1]The Preamble of the First Optional Protocol to this International
Covenant relating to the Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
[2]The
Preamble of the Second Optional Protocol to this International
Covenant relating to the Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
[3]
Dr. T.P. Tripathi: Human Rights: Allahabad Law Agency: Publication, 4th Edition
2011 Page No 61-66.
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